Stockholm initiativet
Presentation of the Berlin Declaration of the Stockholm Initiative on nuclear disarmament at the Conference on Disarmament. Statement delivered by Ambassador Veronika Bard.
Statement in the Conference on Disarmament
03 mar. 2020...
...The proposed stepping stones represent a non-exhaustive list and include measures to
diminish the role of nuclear weapons in doctrines and policies,
enhance transparency in doctrines and policies of Nuclear Weapon States
reduce risks for intentional or unintentional use of nuclear weapons,
strengthen cooperation and build trust,
strengthen the nuclear arms control architecture
The group of participating countries of the Stockholm Initiative is now reaching out to other NPT states parties to seek dialogue and support for the proposed agenda...
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The NPT at 50
Federal Foreign Office d. 25/2 - 2020 (Tyskland)
Advancing Nuclear Disarmament, Securing Our Future.
As we approach the 50th anniversary of the entry into force of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and the 2020 Review Conference
We, Ministers of Argentina, Canada, Finland, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland,...
We pledge to take responsibility in promoting, including, but not exclusively, the following stepping stones on the way to implementing nuclear disarmament, and we invite all states to consider, support and implement them:
* Nuclear-Weapon States to acknowledge the need to ensure that nuclear weapons will never be used again and to advance nuclear disarmament.
* The United States and Russia to extend New START and engage in talks on its possible expansion.
*
Nuclear-Weapon States to reduce or further reduce their nuclear arsenals and to contribute to next-generation arms control arrangements.
* Nuclear-Weapon States, collectively or individually, to discuss and take practical measures to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in their policies and doctrines.
Nuclear-Weapon States to deepen discussions on nuclear doctrine and declaratory policies, both among themselves and with Non-Nuclear Weapon States, at the upcoming NPT Review Conference and throughout the next NPT review cycle.
*
Nuclear-Weapon States to report to parties to the NPT on arsenals and plans for their modernisation.
*
Nuclear-Weapon States, collectively or individually, to tighten Negative Security Assurances, including in the context of Treaties establishing Nuclear Weapons-Free Zones.
*
All States to support the establishment of Nuclear Weapons-Free Zones in all regions of the world on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at among States of the region concerned, including the establishment of Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction in accordance with the 1995 resolution on the Middle East, in relation to which we feel encouraged by the first session of the conference held in 2019 and continuous efforts in this regard.
*
Nuclear-Weapon States and Nuclear Possessor States to engage in a structured dialogue to assess, minimize and address nuclear risks, including by measures aimed at preventing crisis, extending decision-times in crisis and measures to minimise potential vulnerabilities emerging from disruptive technologies and cyber threats, e.g. on command and control.
*
Nuclear-Weapon States to improve or establish crisis communication and protocol among each other, e.g. by hotlines and risk reduction centres.
*
Nuclear-Weapon States to address increasing entanglement of conventional and nuclear systems and to take measures to reverse such development.
*
All States to uphold existing moratoria on nuclear-weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosion and to enhance efforts towards the long overdue entry into force of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), through continued advocacy vis-à-vis and engagement by the States whose ratification is required, as well as political, technical and financial efforts to further strengthen the International Monitoring Systems and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO).
*
All States to declare and uphold moratoria on the production of fissile material for use in nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.
*
Nuclear-Weapon States and Nuclear Possessor States to show leadership to unblock negotiations on a treaty prohibiting fissile material production.
*
All States to support the ongoing initiatives on developing multilateral nuclear disarmament verification capacities, such as the International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification and efforts within the United Nations such as Groups of Governmental Experts, Open-ended Working Groups and capacity building.
*
All States to engage with the young generation, including through dialogue platforms, mentoring, internships, fellowships, scholarships, model events and youth group activities
All States to encourage visits to and interaction with communities affected by nuclear weapons, including Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and former nuclear test sites such as Semipalatinsk and in the Pacific.
All States to ensure the full and effective participation of women and to further integrate gender perspectives in all aspects of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation decision-making processes.
Nuclear-Weapon States to engage in and intensify dialogue on maintaining strategic stability, with maximum transparency vis-à-vis the international community, to foster mutual understanding and trust and setting the frame for future arms-control agreements and disarmament.
*
All parties to the NPT to report on their implementation of obligations and commitments under the NPT using a standardized reporting format, and to support proposals to strengthen reporting and transparency commitments.
*
Each Nuclear-Weapon State to submit its NPT implementation reports in advance of the 2020 NPT Review Conference.
*
All states to commit to enhancing the NPT review cycle to improve implementation in all its aspects and to support ongoing efforts to strengthen the NPT review process.
Recognizing various State perspectives, the above stepping stones are interlinked and mutually reinforcing and offer a way to build political momentum that could help unlock current diplomatic blockages and advance the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments. Our governments will do their utmost to this end.
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The NPT at 50Advancing Nuclear Disarmament, Securing Our Future
Berlin, 25 February 2020
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Annex
Stepping Stonesfor Advancing Nuclear Disarmament
Berlin, 25 February 2020
We, Ministers of Argentina, Canada, Finland, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland, haveidentified the following non-exhaustive list of short-term, achievableand meaningfulactions –stepping stones-foradvancing nuclear disarmament...
...Nuclear-WeaponStates to acknowledge the need to ensure that nuclear weapons will never be used again and to advance nuclear disarmament.
The United States and Russia to extendNew STARTand engage in talks on its possible expansion.
Nuclear-Weapon States to reduce or further reduce their nuclear arsenals and to contribute to next-generation arms control arrangements.
Nuclear-Weapon States, collectively or individually, todiscuss and take practical measures to reducethe role of nuclear weapons in their policiesand doctrines.
Nuclear-Weapon States to deependiscussions on nuclear doctrineand declaratory policies, both among themselves and with Non-Nuclear Weapon States, at the upcoming NPT Review Conference and throughout the next NPT review cycle.
Nuclear-Weapon States to report to parties to the NPT on arsenals and plans for their modernisation.
Nuclear-Weapon States, collectively or individually,to tighten Negative Security Assurances, includingin the context ofTreaties establishingNuclear Weapons-Free Zones.
All States to support the establishment of Nuclear Weapons-FreeZonesin all regions of the world on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at among States of the region concerned, including the establishment of Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction in accordance with the 1995 resolution on the Middle East, in relation to which we feel encouraged bythe first session of the conference held in 2019 and continuous efforts in this regard.
Nuclear-Weapon States and Nuclear Possessor States to engage in a structured dialogueto assess,minimize and addressnuclearrisks, including by measures aimed at preventing crisis, extending decision-times in crisisand measures to minimise potential vulnerabilitiesemergingfrom disruptive technologiesandcyber threats, e.g. on command and control.
Nuclear-Weapon States to improveor establishcrisis communication and protocolamong each other,e.g. by hotlines andrisk reduction centres.
Nuclear-Weapon Statesto addressincreasing entanglementof conventional and nuclear systemsand to take measures to reverse such development.
All States to upholdexisting moratoriaon nuclear-weapon test explosionsor any othernuclear explosion andto enhance efforts towards the long overdue entry into force of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), through continued advocacy vis-à-visand engagement bythe States whose ratification is required, as well as political, technical and financial efforts to further strengthen the International Monitoring Systems and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO).
All States to declare and upholdmoratoriaon the production of fissile material for use in nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.
Nuclear-Weapon Statesand Nuclear Possessor States to show leadershipto unblock negotiationson a treaty prohibiting fissile material production.
AllStates to support the ongoing initiatives on developing multilateral nuclear disarmament verification capacities, such asthe International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification and efforts within the United Nationssuch as Groups of Governmental Experts,Open-endedWorking Groupsand capacity building.
AllStates to engage with the young generation, including through dialogue platforms, mentoring, internships, fellowships, scholarships, model events and youth groupactivities
All States to encouragevisits to and interaction with communities affected by nuclear weapons, including Hiroshima and Nagasaki,and former nuclear test sites such as Semipalatinsk and in the Pacific.
All States to ensure the full and effective participation of women and to further integrate gender perspectivesin all aspects of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation decision-making processes.
Nuclear-Weapon States to engage in and intensify dialogue on maintaining strategic stability, with maximumtransparency vis-à-visthe international community, to foster mutual understanding and trust and setting the frame for future arms-control agreementsand disarmament.
Allparties to the NPT to report on their implementation of obligations and commitments under the NPT using a standardized reporting format, and to supportproposals to strengthen reporting and transparency commitments.
EachNuclear-Weapon Stateto submit itsNPT implementation reports in advance of the 2020 NPT Review Conference.
All states to commit to enhancingthe NPT review cycle to improveimplementation in all its aspectsand to support ongoing efforts tostrengthenthe NPT review process....
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NPT - Traktaten
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
Text of the Treaty
The States concluding this Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Parties to the Treaty,
Considering the devastation that would be visited upon all mankind by a nuclear war and the consequent need to make every effort to avert the danger of such a war and to take measures to safeguard the security of peoples,
Believing that the proliferation of nuclear weapons would seriously enhance the danger of nuclear war,
In conformity with resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly calling for the conclusion of an agreement on the prevention of wider dissemination of nuclear weapons,
Undertaking to co-operate in facilitating the application of International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on peaceful nuclear activities,
Expressing their support for research, development and other efforts to further the application, within the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards system, of the principle of safeguarding effectively the flow of source and special fissionable materials by use of instruments and other techniques at certain strategic points,
Affirming the principle that the benefits of peaceful applications of nuclear technology, including any technological by-products which may be derived by nuclear-weapon States from the development of nuclear explosive devices, should be available for peaceful purposes to all Parties to the Treaty, whether nuclear-weapon or non-nuclear-weapon States,
Convinced that, in furtherance of this principle, all Parties to the Treaty are entitled to participate in the fullest possible exchange of scientific information for, and to contribute alone or in co-operation with other States to, the further development of the applications of atomic energy for peaceful purposes,
Declaring their intention to achieve at the earliest possible date the cessation of the nuclear arms race and to undertake effective measures in the direction of nuclear disarmament,
Urging the co-operation of all States in the attainment of this objective,
Recalling the determination expressed by the Parties to the 1963 Treaty banning nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water in its Preamble to seek to achieve the discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all
time and to continue negotiations to this end,
Desiring to further the easing of international tension and the strengthening of trust between States in order to facilitate the cessation of the manufacture of nuclear weapons, the liquidation of all their existing stockpiles, and the elimination from national arsenals of nuclear weapons and the means of their delivery pursuant to a Treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,
Recalling that, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, States must refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes
of the United Nations, and that the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security are to be promoted with the least diversion for armaments of the world’s human and economic resources,
Have agreed as follows:
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Article I
Each nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty undertakes not to transfer to any recipient whatsoever nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices or control over such weapons or explosive devices directly, or indirectly; and not in any way to assist, encourage,
or induce any non-nuclear-weapon State to manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices, or control over such weapons or explosive devices.
Article VI
Each of the Parties to the Treaty undertakes to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control.
Sådan læser jeg traktaten:
Er det i overensstemmelse med NPT at USA udbreder sine atomvåben til en række lande som de har baser i.
Det mener jeg ikke.
Sådan læser jeg NPT traktaten.
Fra forordet:
Believing that the proliferation of nuclear weapons would seriously enhance the danger of nuclear war,
In conformity with resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly calling for the conclusion of an agreement on the prevention of wider dissemination of nuclear weapons,
i indledningen til artiklerne står bl.a. (oversat med Google):
...I troen på, at spredningen af ??atomvåben alvorligt ville øge faren for atomkrig,
I overensstemmelse med resolutioner fra De Forenede Nationers Generalforsamling, der opfordrer til indgåelse af en aftale om forebyggelse af videre udbredelse af atomvåben...
Article I
Each nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty undertakes not
- to transfer to any recipient whatsoever nuclear weapons
- or other nuclear explosive devices or control over such weapons
- or explosive devices directly, or indirectly; and not in any way to assist, encourage,
- or induce any non-nuclear-weapon State to manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices,
- or control over such weapons or explosive devices.
un.org
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Oxford Learner's Dictionaries
transfer
betyder ikke, at man overdrager ejerskab, men blot at man overfører
Der står ikke
"transferred the property”
der er blot tale om overføre ikke udlevere kernevåben til en anden stats rådighed.
transfer_1 verb - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com
oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
favicon.ico
indirectly:
indirectly adverb - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Academic English at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com
oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
favicon.ico
In a way that is not directly caused by or connected with something. Human health may also be indirectly affected by the changes in land use.
Energy from the sun drives a system that feeds, directly or indirectly, all the consumers on earth.
opposite directly (1)
on somebody's behalf by somebody else
At least a further 130 million people have jobs indirectly controlled by these corporations.
opposite directly (1)
without saying something directly
The poem indirectly attacks the current political system.
opposite directly (4)
See indirectly in the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary
Da der står “eller” flere steder, betyder det, at hvert udsagn gælder.
1) Hver atomvåbenstat, der er part i traktaten, forpligter sig til ikke at overføre atomvåben til nogen som helst modtager direkte eller indirekte;
Hvor indirekte betyder:
on somebody's behalf/ by somebody else
Der står ikke overdrage ejerskab af, men blot overføre til og
indirekte betyder netop at man ikke har atomvåben via andre.
Artikel 1 (google oversættelse):
Hver atomvåbenstat, der er part i traktaten, forpligter sig til ikke:
1- at overføre atomvåben eller andre nukleare eksplosive anordninger
2- eller kontrol over sådanne våben
3- eller eksplosive anordninger
til nogen som helst modtager direkte eller indirekte;
og ikke på nogen måde at hjælpe, opmuntre,
4-eller tilskynde enhver ikke-atomvåbenstat til at fremstille
5-eller på anden måde erhverve atomvåben
6-eller andre nukleare eksplosive anordninger
eller kontrol over sådanne våben eller eksplosive anordninger.
Article II
Each non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty undertakes not to
- receive the transfer from any transferor whatsoever of nuclear weapons
- or other nuclear explosive devices
- or of control over such weapons or explosive devices directly, or indirectly;
- not to manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices;
- and not to seek or receive any assistance in the manufacture of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.
recive og indirectly med samme betydning som i artikel 1.
--------------------------------------------------
Ministerial meeting of "Stockholm Initiative"
Gobierno de España d. 25/2 - 2020
The 16 countries that make up the “Stockholm Initiative” met on Tuesday in the German capital to approve the “Berlin Declaration”, which seeks to take decisive steps in controlling and reducing nuclear weapons. Spain was represented by the State Secretary for Foreign Affairs and for Ibero-America and the Caribbean, Cristina Gallach.
The “Berlin Declaration” contains 22 specific measures to mobilise the international community in support of the architecture of non-proliferation and disarmament.
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National statement by Minister for Foreign Affairs Ann Linde at the Conference on Disarmament
Speech from Ministry for Foreign Affairs
Geneva, 24 February 2020
Fra Sveriges udenrigsministeriums hjemmeside
Tomorrow my colleague the German Minister of Foreign Affairs Heiko Maas and I will co-chair the second Ministerial Meeting of the Stockholm Initiative on Nuclear Disarmament.
This initiative brings together 16 non-nuclear weapon states at a high political level. We are united in our engagement to strengthen the NPT. We strive to mobilize political momentum for an ambitious yet realistic outcome of the Review Conference and beyond, with particular focus on disarmament.
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Nuclear warfare: How Sweden and Germany plan to curb the threat
Deutsche Welle d. 24/2 - 2020
With the nuclear threat seemingly growing, a nonproliferation treaty is being put to the test. Sixteen states hoping to strengthen the agreement held talks last year in Stockholm — now they are to meet again in Berlin...
...Indeed, a number of concrete proposals were already developed in Stockholm that the Initiative's 16 participants want to bring to the conference in New York. For example, they want to increase the amount of advance warning that must be given before a nuclear weapon can be used on enemy territory.
The Stockholm Initiative also wants all nuclear powers to adhere to a "no first use policy" for nuclear weapons, and is hoping that the states at the New York conference will formally agree to the wording that "a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought."
After their initial meeting in Stockholm, the participants agreed their collective goal was "a world without nuclear weapons." Now they want to further refine those goals in Berlin, precisely so they do not show up to the nuclear nonproliferation conference in New York on April 27 empty-handed.
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The NPT at 50 - Advancing Nuclear Disarmament, Securing Our Future
Den svenske regerings hjemmeside - 2019
As we approach the 50th anniversary of the entry into force of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and the 2020 Review Conference
We, Ministers of Argentina, Canada, Finland, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland,
Reaffirm our unequivocal support of the NPT and its three mutually reinforcing pillars: nuclear disarmament, non-proliferation and peaceful uses of nuclear energy. We underline that past NPT commitments remain valid and form the basis for making further progress in fully implementing the treaty and achieving a world free of nuclear weapons...
...We, Ministers of the Stockholm initiative, are firmly committed to facilitating such efforts and we support all sincere endeavours to rebuild confidence, improve the environment for and make real progress on nuclear disarmament. We value the impetus given to the P5 dialogue and we encourage Nuclear-Weapon States to make full use of it to yield concrete results before and at the NPT Review Conference. We feel encouraged by the first conference held on the establishment of a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction...
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The Stockholm Ministerial Meeting on Nuclear Disarmament and the Non-Proliferation Treaty Ministerial declaration
Stockholm, 11 June 2019
We, the participating states – Argentina, Canada, Finland, Ethiopia, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland – to the Stockholm Ministerial Meeting on Nuclear Disarmament and the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), met today to discuss how nuclear disarmament can be advanced.
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